Studying humane endpoints in a rat model of mammary carcinogenesis

Pain management and humane endpoints.

Humane endpoints for infectious disease animal models.

Since the work of pioneers such as Jenner and Pasteur (Fenner et al. 1997) more than a century ago, animal models have provided essential information in the study of infectious diseases. Although much experimentation can now be accomplished with in vitro systems, animals continue to be necessary for this field for studying the process of inflammation, specific infectious diseases, and pharmacol...

Humane endpoints in the efficacy testing of swine erysipelas vaccines.

For licensing the efficacy of vaccines for veterinary use has to be demonstrated by well-controlled laboratory experiments in which vaccinated and untreated animals of the target species are challenged. Erysipelas challenge tests cause extreme suffering of the unprotected animals with high fever, apathy, large skin lesions, and even death. This paper describes a standardised procedure for the v...

Vanadium, a versatile biochemical effector in chemical rat mammary carcinogenesis.

Recent studies indicate the role of the micronutrient vanadium in chemoprevention in many animal models, human cancer cell lines, and also in xenografted human carcinomas of the lung, breast, and gastrointestinal tract. The present studies were undertaken to ascertain the antineoplastic potential of vanadium in a defined model of mammary carcinogenesis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, at 50 days of...

Celecoxib and melatonin in prevention of female rat mammary carcinogenesis.

The present experiment aims to evaluate tumor suppressive effects of a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) celecoxib (Celebrex, Pfizer) administered alone and in combination with melatonin in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley female rats. Celecoxib was administered daily at a concentration of 1.666 g/kg diet to two groups...

The LEC rat: a useful model for studying liver carcinogenesis related to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Growing evidence indicates oxidative stress as a mechanism of several diseases including cancer. Oxidative stress can be defined as the imbalance between cellular oxidant species production and antioxidant capability shifted towards the former. Lipid peroxidation is one of the processes that takes place during oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hy...